这一制度在试行过程中,也曾遭遇质疑。包括会不会出现“人情交易”“钱学交易”“权学交易”“近亲繁殖”等,影响招生的公平公正,堵死普通家庭孩子的读博之路,也影响博士生源质量、培养质量等等。但从具体的实施情况看,博生招生“申请—审核”制得到普遍认可。一方面,扩大了博导的招生自主权,有利于博导招收到适合的学生;另一方面,博士的整体生源质量并没有因试行这一制度而降低,因为与这一制度相配套,推进了博士生导师资助制(由博导承担博士生的培养经费以及生活补助),严把博士学位答辩关。博导如果招来一个缺乏学术潜能的学生,不但要承担资助费用,还要考虑其在求学期间能否发表规定的论文,能否顺利通过答辩毕业,这迫使博导认真考察申请学生的学术潜能与综合素养。与实施“申请—审核”制相对应的是,不少申请读博的学生感慨,申请太难了。
As fish stocks dwindle, surf tourism may offer a lifeline to traditional caballitos de totora fishers, whose vessels are thought to be among the first ever used to ride waves
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It's in such small moments that Jarmusch allows his audience to determine the meaning of these scenes and this collection of stories. But where the first two sections of this triptych are about relatively strained relationships, the final is a warm portrait of almost supernatural closeness.